Jiujitsu Glossary

The Almost* Complete
Jiujitsu Glossary

The Jiujitsu Glossary is a comprehensive resource for understanding the terminology and jargon used in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

A

Americana

A shoulder lock submission that involves bending the arm behind the back in a "figure-four" position.

Armbar

A submission technique that hyperextends the elbow joint using the hips for leverage.

Arm Triangle

A choke that uses the opponent's arm against their neck along with your arms.

Anaconda Choke

A relative of the arm triangle (See Arm Triangle) and darce (see Darce), the anaconda features a lock of the arms around the opponent’s neck, with one of their arms trapped inside.

Arm Drag

A technique used both on the feet and on the mat where the attacking practitioner uses a 2-on-1 grip to drag their opponent across their body to either hit a takedown on the feet, or take the back on the ground.

Ankle Lock

A submission focused on the ankle joint. While the ankle can break, common application of this submission predominantly targets the Achilles tendon.

Ashi Garami

Japanese for leg entanglement (see Leg Entanglement), Ashi Garami is interchangeable with the English term single leg x

B

Back Mount

A dominant control position behind your opponent with hooks inserted.

Berimbolo

An inverted rolling sweep from guard position, commonly used to take the back.

Bridge

A fundamental movement where you lift your hips off the ground using your feet and upper back for leverage.

Butterfly Guard

An open guard position where both feet are inserted as hooks on the opponent's inner thighs.

Base

The foundation of balance and stability in any position.

Bow and Arrow Choke

A collar choke from the back resembling the drawing of a bow.

Back Control

A fundamental position in jiu jitsu and possibly the most dominant. Here the attacking practitioner is positioned behind their opponent with both feet placed inside their opponent’s hips along with some form of upper body control.

Body Triangle

Usually engaged from the back the attacking practitioner will opt to lock their legs around their opponent’s torso with a triangle configuration

C

Closed Guard

A guard position where the legs are wrapped and locked around the opponent's waist.

Collar Choke

A family of chokes that utilize the opponent's gi collar as the choking mechanism.

Cross Collar Grip

A fundamental grip on the opponent's collar using a four-finger inside grip.

Crucifix

A control position where you trap both of your opponent's arms using your legs.

Cartwheel Pass

A dynamic guard pass where the practitioner on top seeks to surprise their opponent by planting their hands on the mat and jumping over their opponent’s legs for the pass.

Chinstrap

A grip on the opponent’s chin, usually from a front headlock, where the palm of the hand encapsulates the tip of the chin, like the chinstrap of a helmet.

Collar Sleeve Guard

A guard configuration featuring a grip high on the opponent’s collar and the other low on their sleeve.

Combate

Portugues word for fight and a signal used by the referee to start a match.

Cross Face

A dominant upper body control limiting shoulder and head movement in an opponent underneath side control.

Cats-Paw Grip

A grip taken on the material of the gi, where the fingertips of all four fingers drag the material into the palm.

Cross Training

The act of dropping by other gyms to train and learn new techniques.

D

De La Riva Guard

An open guard position where one leg hooks the opponent's lead leg while controlling their ankle and collar/sleeve.

Double Leg

A takedown that involves attacking both of the opponent's legs simultaneously.

D'Arce Choke

An arm triangle variation where you thread your arm through the opponent's armpit.

Deep Half

A half guard variation where you position yourself underneath your opponent.

De La X-Guard

A hybrid of the X and de la riva guards (see X-Guard, De La Riva Guard) where the de la riva hook is combined with the X-guard hook on the far leg.

Dog Fight

A position where both practitioners are side by side on their knees, where one will have an overhook (see Overhook) or whizzer (see Whizzer) on their opponent.

Double-Under Pass

A form of pressure passing where the person on top underhooks both of their opponent’s legs, from inside their guard, to either pass to the side or initiate the stack pass (see Stack Pass).

Dual Training

Having two gyms that you train at, but one is your primary gym. (Should be communicated with your coach)

E

Ezekiel Choke

A choking technique using both sleeves of the gi, can be performed from various positions.

Escape

The act of removing oneself from an inferior position or submission attempt.

Elevator Sweep

A sweep using your foot as an elevator to lift and off-balance your opponent.

Electric Chair

A submission from half guard attacking the leg.

F

Faixa

Portuguese word for "belt," used to denote rank in BJJ.

Full Mount

A dominant position where you are seated on top of your opponent's torso with both legs controlling their sides.

Frame

Using skeletal structure to create space or resistance against pressure.

Flower Sweep

A sweeping technique from closed guard using the lapel.

50/50

A guard position where both practitioners establish the same leg triangle control (see Triangle, Sankaku) over the other practitioner’s legs.

Fireman’s Carry

A takedown where the attacking practitioner drops to their knees, with their opponent stretched across their shoulders, to flip them from one side to the other on the mat.

Flying Armbar

The attacker seeks to jump high and achieve an armbar submission (see armbar) from a standing position against an opponent who is either standing or seated.

Flying Triangle

Here the attacker seeks to achieve a triangle submission (see Triangle) by jumping from a standing position against either a standing or seated opponen

Full Guard

One of the fundamental guard positions in jiu jitsu. Here the person on bottom has their legs wrapped around their opponent’s hips/waist, locking their feet in place by crossing both ankles behind the opponent’s back.

G

Gi

The traditional training uniform consisting of a heavy cotton jacket, pants, and belt.

Gogoplata

A submission using your shin to compress the opponent's throat, usually from guard or mount.

Guard

A fundamental position where you control an opponent using your legs while on your back.

Guillotine

A front headlock choke that can be applied standing or on the ground.

Gable Grip

A palm-to-palm grip used in various control positions and submissions.

Guard Pass

A key advancement in position. The guard pass is any movement where the practitioner on top successfully navigates either over, around or through their opponent’s legs (i.e. their guard) beyond their hips and stabilizes control of their opponent in either the side control, or mount position.

Guard Passer

Jiu Jitsu practitioners who prefer to play an aggressive game on top, forcing their opponent to play guard where they then seek to pass and score.

Guard Pull

See Pull Guard

Gubber Guard

A variation of the rubber guard (see Rubber Guard), where the lapel is used to lock the guard player’s leg in place making postural control easier to achieve.

H

Half Guard

A position where you control one of your opponent's legs between both of yours.

Hip Escape

A fundamental movement also known as "shrimping" where you move your hips away while on your back.

Hook Sweep

A sweeping technique using your foot as a hook to off-balance your opponent.

Hip Bump

A sweeping motion using your hips to off-balance your opponent from guard.

Hip Switch

A movement to change the direction of your hips to create angles.

Harai Goshi

A judo throw where the attacking practitioner steps their outside leg across the opponent’s body and uses their hip, with a slight backward kicking motion, to throw the opponent to the mat.

Heel Hook

A devastating leg lock targeting the knee joint after stabilizing the joints up and down stream of the knee i.e. the hip and heel.

Hook

Generally used to describe the hooking control of a dorsiflexed foot.

I

Inverted Guard

A guard position where you're upside down, typically used for advanced sweeps and submissions.

Imanari Roll

A rolling entry to leg attacks, named after Masakazu Imanari.

Inside Control

Controlling the space between you and your opponent from the inside position.

Inside Heel Hook

A variation of the heel hook (see Heel Hook) where the attacker’s torso is faced towards the opponent with their heel between the attacker and defender.

J

Jiu-Jitsu

A martial art focusing on ground fighting and grappling techniques.

Japanese Necktie

A front headlock submission combining a choke and neck crank.

Judo Roll

A forward rolling breakfall used to safely absorb impact.

Juji-Gatame

The Japanese name for armbar (see Armbar) originally a Judo technique known as Ude Hishigi Juji Gatame.

K

Kimura

A shoulder lock using a figure-four grip to rotate the shoulder, named after Masahiko Kimura.

Knee on Belly

A control position where you place your knee on the opponent's abdomen while staying perpendicular.

Knee Shield

A half guard variation where the knee is used to create space and prevent the pass.

Kesa Gatame

A side control variation where you face your opponent's head with a scarf hold.

Knee Cut Pass

A guard pass where you slice your knee through the middle.

Kata Gatame

The Japanese word for arm triangle

Kazushi

Kazushi is a Japanese term for the push-pull action/reaction involved in off-balancing your opponent to take them down to the mat or sweep them.

K-Guard

A precursor to leg entanglements made famous by Australian Jiu Jitsu Black Belt Lachlan Giles. The K-guard can be engaged against either a standing or kneeling opponent.

Kimono

See Gi

Kiss of the Dragon

A technique engaged from the reverse de la riva (see Reverse De La Riva) where a guard player will invert and spin in between their opponent’s legs with the goal of ending up behind them

Kneebar

Similar to the armbar, this submission focuses on breaking the leg by hyperextending the knee joint.

L

Lasso Guard

An open guard position where you wrap your arm around your opponent's arm using your gi sleeve.

Loop Choke

A gi choke executed by wrapping the collar around the opponent's neck in a loop fashion.

Lockdown

A half guard variation where both legs are entangled to control the opponent's leg.

Loop Step

A footwork pattern used in guard passing.

Lapel Guard

An umbrella term for guard positions based on the use of your opponent’s lapel

Lapel Lasso

A hybrid of the lasso guard (see Lasso Guard) and lapel guard (see Lapel Guard), here instead of weaving the leg through the arm of the opponent, the guard player will instead use the lapel in a similar fashion.

Leg Drag

Both a style of passing and a position (however, an unscored position. Points only awarded for the completion of the pass).

Leg Entanglement

A position where you gain control over your opponent’s legs and hips predominantly with your own legs. Generally, this position is the precursor to leg locks.

Live Rounds

Full contact grappling rounds, where both practitioners are seeking to gain the most points or submit their partner.

Longstep

A style of pass for open guards where the top player explosively collapses to one side to remove their trapped leg and consolidate the pass.

Lute

Portugues word for fight and a signal used by the referee to warn the competitor or competitors that they are stalling and need to pick up the action.

M

Mount

A dominant position where you sit on top of your opponent's torso.

Mata Leão

Portuguese term for "lion killer," referring to the rear naked choke.

Monkey Grip

A grip where the thumb is included with the fingers, like a monkey's grip.

Manoplata

A variation of the omoplata (see Omoplata) where the attacking practitioner is seated facing their opponent, while their opponent’s back is on the mat.

N

North-South

A control position where you lay chest-to-chest with your opponent facing opposite directions.

No-Gi

Training without the traditional gi uniform, typically wearing shorts and a rash guard.

Neon Belly

Slang term for knee on belly position.

North South Choke

A chest compression choke from the north-south position.

Neck Crank

A submission that applies pressure to the cervical spine. You won’t make many friends with this move at thanksgiving, no matter who your uncle is.

NoGi

Jiu Jitsu practiced without the gi and instead in shorts and often a rash guard.

North-South Choke

A choke submission from the north-south position.

O

Omoplata

A shoulder lock executed by wrapping your leg over the opponent's arm and back.

Open Guard

Any guard position where the legs are not closed around the opponent.

Over Under Pass

A guard passing technique using over and under hooks on the legs.

Ouchi Gari

An inner leg reaping throw adapted from Judo.

Off-Balance

Any maneuver that involves forcing your opponent to focus on maintaining their base and balance, so that you can attack them elsewhere (see Kazushi).

Osoto Gari

A Judo throw where the attacking practitioner steps their outside leg across the opponent’s body and uses their hip, with a slight backward kicking motion, to throw the opponent to the mat.

Ouchi Gari

An inner leg reaping throw adapted from Judo.

Outside Heel Hook

A variation of the heel hook (see Heel Hook) where the attacker’s torso is facing away from the opponent and the attacked leg is passed and controlled on the outside.

Overhook

A constituent of upper body control, where a practitioner secures an opponent’s arm tightly under their armpit.

P

Passing Guard

The act of moving past your opponent's legs to achieve a more dominant position.

Pendulum Sweep

A basic sweeping technique from closed guard using momentum and hip movement.

Pressure Pass

A style of guard passing that emphasizes constant pressure and control.

Pull Guard

The act of intentionally taking the guard position from standing.

Paper Cutter Choke

A collar choke from side control using a blade-like motion.

Parou

Brazilian Portugues word for stop or stopped. This is the signal a referee will use in a jiu jitsu match to indicate they want the action to stop.

Passador

Brazilian Portugues word for the jiu jitsu practitioner who prefers to play on top and pass guard rather than play from their back (See Guard Passer).

Pistol Grip

A grip taken on the material of the gi, where a handful – usually at the end of the sleeve – is bunched up and held in the palm like the grip of a handgun.

Porrada

Brazilian Portuegues word loosely translated as “Fight Hard”.

Positional Training

Controlled sparring where live rounds are restricted to specific positions only. Usually, once the position has been lost or advanced, either by a sweep, guard pass, backtake, etc, the action is stopped and the position is once again reset.

Q

Quarter Guard

A position similar to half guard but with minimal leg control.

R

Rear Naked Choke

A blood choke applied from behind the opponent using the arms.

Rolling

The practice of free sparring or grappling with a training partner.

Rubber Guard

An advanced guard system that utilizes extreme flexibility to control the opponent.

Reverse De La Riva

A variation of De La Riva guard with the opposite leg positioning.

Reverse Triangle

A triangle choke applied while facing the opposite direction.

Reverse X-Guard

A variation of the X-guard with the top and bottom legs reversed. Usually used to set up elevation sweeps that directly facilitate heel hook submissions.

RNC

Acronym for rear naked choke (see Rear Naked Choke) used by MMA fans at Buffalo Wild WIngs.

Round Timer

Also known as the clock. Fun Fact: Only 1 in 47 people will figure out how to work this thing

S

Side Control

A dominant position perpendicular to your opponent with chest-to-chest control.

Spider Guard

An open guard position using gi grips on both sleeves with feet on the biceps.

Sweep

A technique used to reverse position from bottom to top.

Scissor Sweep

A fundamental sweep from closed guard using a scissoring motion with the legs.

Stack Pass

A guard pass where you fold your opponent's legs over their head.

Single Leg X

A guard position similar to X-guard but controlling only one leg.

Sumi Gaeshi

A sacrifice throw technique adapted from Judo.

Seated Guard

An open guard position where you sit upright facing your opponent.

Same Side Collar Grip

A grip on the opponent’s collar using the same side arm.

Sankaku

The Japanese word for triangle. Sankaku can identify the triangle submission but can also refer to any scenario where a practitioner will adopt the triangle configuration with their legs to secure or lock onto their opponent.

Scarf Hold

See Kesa Gatame.

Seat Belt Grip

Here, one of your arms passes over your opponent’s shoulder, while your other arm passes under their armpit on the opposite side to connect your hands at your opponent’s chest, like the seat belt in a car.

Sem Kimono

Brazilian Portugues for Nogi (see Nogi).

Seoi Nage

A judo throw where the attacking practitioner – after gaining control of the opponent’s arm – will spin in a 180° motion, facing away from their opponent, using their hips to elevate and throw them over their shoulder.

Shark Tank

A variation of sparring, usually in preparation for competition, where one person stays in for a full round, facing off against a line of fresh partners, one after the other.

Shrimp

See Hip Escape.

Single-Leg Takedown

A takedown where one leg of the opponent is lifted off the mat and controlled by the attacking practitioner’s arms and legs.

Single-Leg X Guard

A variation of the X-Guard (see X-Guard) where both of the guard player’s legs are used to control a single leg of a standing opponent (see Ashi Garami).

Sparring

Full contact grappling rounds from start to finish where both practitioners are seeking to gain the most points or submit their partner.

Specific Position Training

Controlled sparring where live rounds are restricted to specific positions only. Usually, once the position has been lost or advanced, either by a sweep, guard pass, backtake, etc, the action is stopped and the position is once again reset. We use a lot of positional sparring, starting as early as in the Beginner Course.

Sprawl

A defensive maneuver against takedowns where the defending practitioner shoots their legs and hips backwards away from their opponent’s reach during a takedown attempt.

T

Takedown

Any technique used to bring the opponent from standing to the ground.

Technical Stand-up

A safe method of standing up while maintaining defensive position.

Triangle Choke

A blood choke using the legs to trap the opponent's head and arm.

Turtle Position

A defensive position where you're on hands and knees protecting your core.

Toreando Pass

A guard pass resembling a bullfighter's movement, controlling the legs to the side.

Tripod Sweep

A sweep that attacks your opponent's base by eliminating three points of contact.

Tatami

The Japanese word for the traditional straw mats commonly seen in the Japanese culture. It is also the word used for the training mats in judo and jiu jitsu academies.

Throwby Pass

A fast pass to the side initiated by gripping the opponent’s pants with the same side hand and pushing it across the body while sidestepping in the other direction.

Toe Hold

A submission focusing on breaking the ankle joint, tendons and finer bones of the foot.

Torreando

A fundamental pass against open guards. Here, the top player is standing against a downed opponent and uses their hands to control their opponent’s legs while sidestepping around the guard for the pass.

Twister

Here, the attacking practitioner works to crank on the cervical spine with their hands while their legs lock the opponent’s far side hip in place applying leverage at the far end for torque.

2-on-1 Grip

A grip on the opponent’s arm where two arms are used, usually in a staggered high/low configuration.

U

Upa

A bridging escape movement, typically used to escape mount position.

Underhook

A fundamental grip achieved by putting your arm under your opponent's arm.

V

Von Flue Choke

A shoulder pressure choke used to counter a guillotine attempt.

Vertical Guard

A guard position where you're on your back with your hips elevated vertically.

Vai

Portugues for “Go!”

W

Worm Guard

An advanced guard system using the lapel wrapped around the opponent's leg.

Waiter Sweep

A sweep from deep half guard resembling a waiter holding a tray.

Whizzer

An overhook control used to counter underhooks and maintain position.

Wrist Lock

A submission focused on breaking the wrist joint.

X

X-Guard

An open guard position where you control your opponent's base from underneath with hooks.

Y

Yoko Tomoe Nage

A side circle throw technique adapted from Judo.

Z

Z-Guard

A variation of half guard where the top knee is positioned in a "Z" shape.

🍪 Cookie Notice

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Read cookies policy.